In the long arc of democratic governance, the tension between collective security and executive discretion rarely resolves cleanly. On Wednesday, the House passed the Lindsey Graham Act — a sweeping sanctions package aimed at Russia's war economy — but the vote laid bare a deeper question: whether a law designed to constrain an aggressor might simultaneously empower the very leader asked to enforce it. The bill, carrying tariffs as high as 500 percent on Russian imports, now moves to President Trump's desk, where the distance between legislative intent and executive action will be measured not