Australia has long understood itself as a nation shaped by arrival — built, in part, by those who came from elsewhere seeking opportunity. Now, in a moment of political pressure and demographic strain, Canberra is recalibrating that openness, announcing sweeping migration reforms designed to bring net overseas arrivals down to 225,000 by 2028. The changes — targeting international students, working holiday visa holders, and so-called 'visa hoppers' — reflect a government attempting to balance economic necessity against public anxiety, even as critics warn that tightening the gate may cost Aust