Women outlive men in nearly every corner of the world, yet their longer lives are shadowed by higher rates of dementia and disability — a paradox that has resisted explanation for decades. Now, the University of Southern California has received a $7.5 million NIH grant to establish GeroSCORE, an interdisciplinary center dedicated to understanding why longevity and health so often diverge along lines of sex. The center gathers biologists, neuroscientists, epidemiologists, and social scientists under one roof, recognizing that the fragmentation of knowledge has itself been part of the problem. I