In the orbital tissue behind the eyes of patients with thyroid eye disease, something more complex than a simple immune malfunction has long been suspected. A team at Beijing Tongren Hospital has now mapped that complexity with unusual precision — sequencing over 61,000 individual cells and probing the microbial environment of the diseased tissue — and released the entire dataset as an open resource for the scientific community. The work does not arrive with final answers, but with something arguably more valuable: a detailed, shared foundation from which many researchers can now ask better qu