From orbit, a new kind of witness is emerging — one that never sleeps, never blinks, and is increasingly guided by machine intelligence capable of reading the planet's pulse in near-real time. Private satellite companies and AI systems are together constructing an Earth observation infrastructure of extraordinary power, one that can serve climate science and disaster relief as readily as it can serve surveillance and strategic advantage. As with so many technologies before it, the capability has arrived faster than the wisdom to govern it, and humanity now faces the familiar but urgent task of