For most of modern history, the conduct of international affairs was entrusted to a narrow circle of ministers, ambassadors, and heads of state — elected legislatures were largely spectators to the world they helped govern at home. That arrangement is quietly changing. Parliaments are emerging as independent diplomatic actors, carrying the weight of political pluralism into spaces where executive channels alone cannot reach. In an era of deepening mistrust between nations, the capacity of legislators to maintain dialogue across borders may prove to be one of the more durable instruments of int