Across Italy's warming landscapes, a familiar virus is finding new footholds — carried by mosquitoes that now breed earlier, survive longer, and reach farther than the seasons once allowed. West Nile virus, long present in Europe, has become something more consequential as climate change rewrites the conditions of its spread. What public health systems once managed as a bounded seasonal threat is becoming a year-round, geographically expanding challenge — a reminder that environmental shifts do not announce themselves with emergencies, but with gradual, compounding change.