For four years, India transformed Russia's economic isolation into a quiet advantage, securing discounted crude that shaved billions from its energy bill and steadied a vast, fuel-dependent nation. Now, American legislation threatening 100% tariffs on buyers of Russian oil has placed that arrangement in direct tension with India's export economy, forcing Delhi to weigh affordable energy for 1.4 billion people against the durability of its most consequential trade relationship. The passage of the bill through the US House of Representatives marks a moment when the pragmatic arithmetic of energy