Heading the ball: Why sports stars face dementia risk decades later

Professional athletes including Jeff Astle, Mike Webster, and David Duerson died from chronic traumatic encephalopathy and related neurodegenerative diseases linked to repeated head impacts during their careers.

For nearly a century, the violent grace of sport has concealed a quiet reckoning: repeated blows to the head, absorbed in the name of competition, appear to rewrite the brain's future long before any symptom announces itself. Research now confirms that professional footballers and American football players face dramatically elevated risks of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and motor neurone disease — risks tied not to single catastrophic injuries, but to the slow accumulation of thousands of ordinary impacts. The brain, suspended in its fluid, ricochets with each collision, and the damage etched int

Heading the ball: Why sports stars face dementia risk decades later

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