In the cloud forests of Bolivia's Yungas, scientists have formally named a small wild cat called the Tilcayo — the first new cat species identified in over a century. Weighing barely three pounds, this diminutive predator had long been known to local communities but remained invisible to formal science, a reminder that the boundaries of human knowledge do not always align with the boundaries of the living world. The discovery invites humility: even in an age of satellites and gene sequencing, the forests of South America still hold creatures waiting to be recognized.