Europe braces for Q4 jet fuel shortage despite South Korea's emerging supply role

As Europe's airlines return to fuller skies and winter draws near, the continent finds itself short of the fuel needed to sustain that flight — a deficit that speaks to deeper fractures in global refining and logistics. South Korea, once an unlikely partner in this story, has begun sending surplus jet fuel across vast ocean distances to European terminals, a commercial relationship born of necessity rather than tradition. Yet even this new thread in the supply chain cannot fully mend the gap, reminding us that the systems we depend upon are more fragile, and more global, than they appear from