A landmark review in Nature Reviews Cardiology has resolved a long-standing scientific debate by demonstrating that nicotine itself — not merely the act of combustion — directly and independently damages the heart and blood vessels through multiple biological pathways. The finding implicates every nicotine delivery method, from cigarettes to e-cigarettes to oral pouches, placing them all on a continuum of cardiovascular harm rather than outside it. With nearly 7.5 million tobacco-related deaths recorded in 2023 alone, nearly 40 percent of them cardiovascular, this research arrives as both a cl
Comprehensive Review Maps Nicotine's Direct Cardiovascular Damage Across All Product Types
Tobacco use caused approximately 7.47 million deaths globally in 2023, with nearly 40% attributable to cardiovascular disease, affecting both smokers and non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke.