Climate change is reducing agricultural productivity in tropical regions and areas like Sudan, Nigeria, and Northern Africa, affecting hundreds of millions of people within 25 years. Competition over shifting land values and resource access—not just scarcity—creates conflict risk, especially in non-democracies lacking negotiation institutions.
Climate change threatens global peace as food insecurity reshapes land value and competition
Hundreds of millions of people already experiencing reduced harvests; potential displacement of millions and humanitarian crisis affecting 2 billion in South Asia by century's end.