Among the most consequential paradoxes of this technological moment is that the same artificial intelligence reshaping medicine and accelerating the relief of human suffering is simultaneously eroding the barriers that once kept the engineering of dangerous pathogens beyond the reach of lone actors. The dual-use nature of AI in biology is not a distant hypothetical — researchers have already demonstrated its capacity to generate sequences for harmful organisms, and the capability is maturing faster than the governance structures meant to contain it. Policymakers, scientists, and security offic