Spanish researchers develop rapid blood test to detect pancreatic cancer in minutes

Pancreatic cancer remains highly lethal with most diagnoses occurring at advanced stages when surgical intervention is no longer possible, limiting treatment options.
More than 85 percent of diagnoses arrive too late for surgery
Pancreatic cancer typically hides until it has spread beyond the reach of the only curative treatment available.

En los laboratorios de Barcelona, un equipo de investigadores españoles ha dado forma a una herramienta que podría alterar el destino de uno de los cánceres más silenciosos y letales que conocemos: el adenocarcinoma de páncreas. Mediante una tira reactiva capaz de detectar en minutos la proteína sAXL en plasma sanguíneo, la ciencia intenta ganarle tiempo a una enfermedad que históricamente se ha descubierto cuando ya no queda margen para actuar. Es un prototipo, aún no una solución, pero representa ese momento en que el conocimiento acumulado encuentra por fin una forma de llegar a quienes más lo necesitan.

  • El cáncer de páncreas mata con eficacia precisamente porque se oculta: más del 85% de los diagnósticos llegan cuando la cirugía —la única vía curativa real— ya no es posible.
  • La proteína sAXL aparece en niveles anormalmente elevados en más del 70% de los tumores pancreáticos, pero hasta ahora medirla requería técnicas de laboratorio lentas y especializadas.
  • El nuevo prototipo funciona como un test de antígenos: una gota de plasma sobre una tira reactiva ofrece resultados en minutos, con una precisión validada frente al método ELISA de referencia hospitalaria.
  • El equipo, formado por el Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, el Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona y el Hospital del Mar, subraya que la prueba es portátil y económica, aunque aún necesita optimización antes de entrar en la clínica.
  • Si se consolida, este test podría permitir detectar pacientes de alto riesgo antes de que aparezcan síntomas o imágenes diagnósticas, desplazando el momento del diagnóstico hacia una ventana en la que sobrevivir deja de ser una rareza estadística.

Un equipo de investigadores españoles ha desarrollado un prototipo de análisis de sangre capaz de detectar cáncer de páncreas en cuestión de minutos. La tecnología, publicada en la revista Talanta, surge de la colaboración entre el Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, el Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona y el Hospital del Mar, y funciona de manera similar a los test rápidos de COVID o de embarazo: una tira reactiva, una gota de plasma y un resultado casi inmediato.

El marcador que busca la prueba es la proteína sAXL. Presente de forma natural en el organismo, se sobreexpresa de manera significativa en más del 70% de los tumores pancreáticos. Para validar el método, los investigadores analizaron muestras de 20 pacientes con cáncer de páncreas y 20 voluntarios sanos, contrastando los resultados con la técnica ELISA, el estándar de referencia en hospitales de todo el mundo. La concordancia fue suficiente para confirmar la relevancia diagnóstica del nuevo enfoque.

La urgencia de este avance se entiende mejor con un dato: el cáncer de páncreas es la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer en los países desarrollados, y más del 85% de los diagnósticos se producen cuando el tumor ya se ha extendido más allá de lo que la cirugía puede alcanzar. La enfermedad no da señales claras en sus fases iniciales, y eso hace que la ventana de intervención se cierre antes de que el paciente sepa que existe.

Pilar Navarro, coordinadora del grupo de investigación en dianas moleculares del cáncer en el IRB Barcelona, recuerda que su equipo demostró hace años que la presencia de sAXL soluble en sangre es característica de pacientes que ya han desarrollado el tumor. Lo que han logrado ahora es traducir ese conocimiento a un formato accesible: rápido, portátil y económico, pensado para llegar más allá de los laboratorios especializados.

El test no está listo aún para su uso clínico —los propios investigadores insisten en que requiere optimización—, pero el prototipo funciona y el camino está trazado. La promesa no es una cura, sino algo más inmediato y quizás igual de valioso: la posibilidad de identificar la enfermedad cuando todavía se puede operar, cuando sobrevivir deja de ser una excepción.

A team of Spanish researchers has developed a prototype blood test that can identify pancreatic cancer in minutes using a simple reactive strip—the kind of technology familiar to anyone who has ever used a rapid COVID or pregnancy test. The work emerged from a collaboration between the Advanced Chemistry Institute of Catalonia, the Biomedical Research Institute of Barcelona, and Barcelona's Hospital del Mar, with results now published in the journal Talanta.

The test hunts for a protein called sAXL in blood plasma. This protein exists naturally in the body as part of normal cellular function, but in pancreatic cancer it becomes overproduced—appearing at abnormally high levels in more than 70 percent of tumors. The researchers validated their approach by testing blood samples from 20 pancreatic cancer patients and 20 healthy volunteers, then cross-checked their findings against ELISA, the gold-standard laboratory technique used in hospitals worldwide to measure protein concentration. The results aligned, confirming the new method's diagnostic relevance.

What makes this development urgent is the brutal arithmetic of pancreatic cancer. It ranks as the third leading cause of cancer death in developed countries, yet more than 85 percent of diagnoses arrive too late—when the tumor has already spread beyond the reach of surgery, the only genuinely curative option available today. The disease hides well in its early stages, which is why patients typically learn they have it only after the window for intervention has closed. A fast, portable, minimally invasive screening tool could change that calculus.

The test itself works like its rapid-test cousins: a drop of blood plasma on a reactive strip, results in minutes. The researchers emphasize it is simple, portable, and economical—though they are careful to note that optimization remains necessary before it moves into actual clinical use. Juan Pablo Salvador, the lead researcher from the Advanced Chemistry Institute, describes this as the first application of quantitative lateral flow immunoassay technology to detect sAXL in plasma, a technical distinction that matters to specialists but translates simply to: a new way of measuring something old in a faster way.

Pilar Navarro, who coordinates the molecular cancer targets research group at the Biomedical Research Institute, points out that her team demonstrated years ago that the presence of soluble sAXL in blood marks patients who have already developed the tumor. What they have now done is package that knowledge into a format that could reach beyond specialized laboratories and into routine clinical practice—into the hands of doctors who need to screen patients quickly and affordably.

The researchers frame this as addressing an urgent clinical need: the lack of accessible tools for early detection. If a patient could be identified as high-risk through a five-minute blood test, before symptoms appear or imaging catches anything, the entire trajectory of their disease might shift. That is the promise being held out here—not a cure, but a chance to catch the disease when surgery is still possible, when survival becomes something other than a statistical rarity. The test is not yet ready for that role, but the prototype works, and the path forward is clear.

Rapid, accessible, minimally invasive tools for early detection represent an urgent clinical need
— Juan Pablo Salvador and Pilar Navarro, research coordinators
The tool aims to bring pancreatic cancer detection into routine clinical practice and improve patient survival through early diagnosis
— Pilar Navarro, Biomedical Research Institute of Barcelona
A Conversa do Hearth Outra perspectiva sobre a história
Inventor

Why does this particular protein matter so much? What makes sAXL special?

Model

It's not that sAXL is unique to pancreatic cancer—it exists in healthy people too. But in pancreatic tumors, it gets massively overproduced. Over 70 percent of these cancers show abnormally high levels. So it's a signal, a flag that something has gone wrong.

Inventor

And the test itself—how is it different from what doctors already use?

Model

The standard method, ELISA, requires sending blood to a specialized lab, trained technicians, equipment. It takes hours or days. This reactive strip works like a rapid COVID test. You get an answer in minutes, potentially in a clinic or even a doctor's office.

Inventor

But you said it still needs optimization. What's missing?

Model

The prototype works and gives accurate results, but they need to refine the sensitivity, make sure the signal is clear every time, ensure it's reproducible across different batches and conditions. It's the difference between a proof of concept and something you can deploy everywhere.

Inventor

Why is early detection so critical for pancreatic cancer specifically?

Model

Because 85 percent of diagnoses happen when surgery is no longer an option. The tumor is already too advanced. Surgery is the only real cure we have. If you catch it early, you operate. If you don't, you're managing a terminal disease. A fast screening tool could shift that ratio.

Inventor

Who would use this test? Would it be routine screening?

Model

That's the vision. Right now, pancreatic cancer isn't screened like breast or colon cancer. But if this test becomes cheap and fast enough, doctors could use it on patients with risk factors or symptoms, catching cases much earlier than imaging would.

Inventor

What happens next?

Model

More testing, more refinement, then clinical trials to prove it works in real-world conditions. If all that succeeds, it moves into hospitals and clinics. But the hard part—proving it actually saves lives—that takes years.

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