On a Tuesday in August, Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif convened a meeting that held two distinct but equally weighty ambitions: ensuring that hundreds of thousands of Pakistani Muslims could undertake the Hajj pilgrimage in 2027 with dignity and ease, and charting a course for the country's youth to find meaningful work in a changing economy. The dual agenda reflected a government reaching simultaneously toward the sacred and the practical — toward the spiritual obligations of a Muslim nation and the economic obligations of a modern state. At stake, in both cases, was the question of