In Krakow this summer, four scholars gathered around one of philosophy's most enduring questions: whether the human mind is entirely the product of neural activity, or whether consciousness harbors something that resists physical reduction. Two Polish neuroscientists argued that complexity alone is sufficient to explain thought and feeling, while a neurosurgeon and an engineer from the West maintained that reason, will, and subjective experience point beyond the brain. The exchange, now available online with English translation, does not settle the matter — but it reminds us that the question