1,518 confirmed executions in 2024 represent a 32% increase from 2023, with Iran executing 972 people and Saudi Arabia doubling its executions to 345. Drug-related convictions drive executions disproportionately, affecting impoverished populations in drug trafficking rather than major traffickers, contrary to international law.
El País
· Apr 08, 2025
· legal
· 4 min de lectura
High
Verificación: Verificado
Global executions hit 9-year high as Iran, Saudi Arabia surge
1,518 people were executed in 2024; Iran executed 30 women including Laila Ghaemi; thousands more likely executed in China without confirmation; disproportionate impact on impoverished drug offenders.
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Politics & Governance
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Sesgo y Encuadre
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Impacto Geopolítico
🌎
Global executions surged 32% to 1,518 in 2024, highest since 2015, with Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq leading; drug-related offenses comprise 42% of executions, violating international law and signaling escalating authoritarianism.
Escalation Risk
high
Confidence
HIGH
Iran
Saudi Arabia
Iraq
China
Middle East
International community
Authoritarian regimes in the Middle East are consolidating control through intensified capital punishment, particularly Iran's punitive drug policies since 2021. This reflects weakening international human rights enforcement and emboldened state repression. The trend suggests declining Western influence over judicial practices in non-aligned states and strengthening of hardline factions within these governments.
Similar to the 1980s-90s expansion of capital punishment in Iran and Saudi Arabia during periods of regional instability and ideological entrenchment; mirrors patterns preceding humanitarian crises in authoritarian states.
Lente Económico
📈
Global executions surged 32% to 1,518 in 2024, highest since 2015, with Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq leading. Drug-related offenses account for 42% of executions, violating international law and potentially destabilizing emerging markets.
Market Signal
bearish
Confidence
MED
International trade and commerce
Foreign direct investment
Pharmaceutical and healthcare industries
Tourism and hospitality
Legal services and compliance
Increased execution rates, particularly for drug-related offenses, may deter international business activity, tourism, and investment in affected countries. Consumers in these regions face reduced economic opportunities, higher compliance costs for businesses, and potential supply chain disruptions in pharmaceutical and trade sectors.
Likely triggers increased sanctions, trade restrictions, and diplomatic pressure from Western nations and international bodies. May prompt stricter export controls on precursor chemicals, enhanced due diligence requirements for businesses operating in high-execution countries, and potential ESG-driven divestment campaigns affecting capital flows to Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq.