The November 2022 Pretoria ceasefire, which ended a devastating two-year war claiming up to 600,000 lives, has effectively broken down as of August 2026 with renewed fighting across multiple northern fronts. A strategic alliance termed 'Tsimdo' between the TPLF and Eritrea, combined with Egypt's GERD concerns and Sudan's civil war spillover, has transformed an internal Ethiopian conflict into a dangerous regional theater.
Ethiopia's Pretoria Peace Collapses as TPLF-Eritrea Alliance Reignites Northern War
The original 2022-2020 conflict claimed up to 600,000 lives and displaced millions; renewed hostilities threaten further humanitarian catastrophe across northern Ethiopia and neighboring regions.