In Accra last week, Africa CDC Director-General Jean Kaseya addressed African heads of state with a quiet but consequential argument: that the continent's long dependence on external medicines, money, and expertise is not a fixed condition but a choice — and one that growing domestic capacity now makes possible to reverse. Drawing on the $110 million African nations self-financed for the Ebola response, Kaseya outlined a threefold path toward health sovereignty encompassing local pharmaceutical manufacturing, reformed health financing, and control over the data systems that underpin disease su